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A long-running source of conflict and political unrest in the Middle East is the Palestinian question. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Sultan Abdülhamid II, the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, faced difficulties related to the Palestine question, which marked the beginning of one key chapter in its history. The purpose of this essay is to examine how the Palestine issue affected Abdülhamid II's loss of the Ottoman throne while highlighting the difficulties of imperial rule and the significant impact of regional wars.
The Zionist movement pushed for the creation of a Jewish
state in Palestine in the late 1800s. Sultan Abdülhamid II reversed the plan by
taking several measures. However, the movement was able to take hold in the
area once the sultan was overthrown and the Young Turks assumed power.
After the Romans burned destroyed Jerusalem in 70 A.D., Jews
began to disperse around the world. Everywhere they went, they had to suffer
suffering. Since then, they have been looking for a messiah, a savior, to unite
them under one state. As the long-awaited messiah's coming dragged on, some
idealistic Jews rallied to establish the state of Israel.
Zionists are the name of the organization that convened in
Basel, Switzerland, in 1897. Mt. Zion is where Prophet Solomon's Beth ha-Mikdas
(Masjid Al-Aqsa) was built. Zionists, who sought a promised land, pleaded with
the British Empire, the time's most powerful nation, for assistance, but their
requests went unanswered. As the Jewish cause gained momentum, the empire
eventually offered them areas like Uganda, Siberia, and Cyprus, but they
refused. They desired Palestine, the promised country described in the Torah
and home to hundreds of thousands of Arabs.
In response to this movement posing a danger to its territorial integrity, the Ottoman authority implemented several protective measures. Long before the Zionist movement got started, the Ottomans proclaimed that 80 percent of Palestine was state property in 1871. Sultan Abdülhamid II enhanced preventative measures against Jewish settlement in Palestine after succeeding him. He limited the purchase of Palestinian territories in 1883 and made the decision to seize the vital part himself. Sultan Abdülhamid II set a 30-day limit on Jews' residence in Palestine in 1900.
Additionally, he
forbade foreign Jews from acquiring territory within the Ottoman Empire,
including Palestine. The Ottoman Empire was proclaimed to be an inhospitable
place for exiles from Europe to reside. Zionist movement founder Theodor Herzl,
a native of Budapest, asked Sultan Abdülhamid II for a meeting. When this
request was turned down, he made his offer to the sultan in May 1901 through
his close friend, the Polish Phillip Newlinsky. They proposed to free the
Palestinian areas for Jewish settlement and hand over power to the Jewish
people in exchange for paying the Ottomans' foreign debts and spreading their
propaganda across Europe.
The great sultan's response to this offer was,
"I
won't sell anything, not even an inch of this territory. This country belongs
to all Ottomans, not to me." With their blood, my people conquered these
territories. We share what we have in the same manner that we acquired it."
The next year, Herzl made the same offer but received the
same response. It is crucial to remember that Sultan Abdülhamid II was not an
anti-Semite. He was renowned for approaching issues realistically rather than
emotionally. The Muslim-Turkish culture has no room for the word anti-Semitism.
The integrity of the nation was the focus of every precaution taken during that
time, not the safety of a specific town. The Ottoman Empire at the time had the
biggest free-living Jewish population in the world. The largest Jewish city in
the globe at the time was Thessaloniki, which was a part of the Ottoman Empire.
Sultan Abdülhamid II was banished to Thessaloniki by the
Young Turks who overthrew him in 1909 and imprisoned him at the home of a
Jewish banker named Allatini. The Young Turks confiscated all of the sultan's
lands and permitted Jews to settle in Palestine. They brushed shoulders with
Jews because they assisted the Young Turks in seizing power, even though they
alienated all Ottoman populations with their Turkification agenda.
Among the Young Turks, there were a lot of Jews, Freemasons,
and Sabataists. A member of the group who informed Sultan Abdülhamid II of his
dethronement was of them, Jewish financier and freemason Emmanuel Carasso,
a friend of Grand Vizier Talat Pasha. Thessaloniki deputy Carasso, who
organized Jewish immigration to Palestine, was the most influential person in
the world at the time.
By assisting Carasso in growing his riches and enabling him
to operate an illicit market for food throughout the Great War, the Young Turks
atoned for their debt. In 1917, the party struck an agreement with Arthur
Balfour, the country's foreign minister at the time. The British Empire
authorized the establishment of a Jewish state on Palestinian territory with
the Balfour Declaration. Palestine was annexed by the British in 1918 after the
Ottoman army, led by Mustafa Kemal, was routed in Syria.
By assisting Carasso in growing his riches and enabling him
to operate an illicit market for food throughout the Great War, the Young Turks
atoned for their debt. In 1917, the party struck an agreement with Arthur
Balfour, the country's foreign minister at the time. The British Empire
authorized the establishment of a Jewish state on Palestinian territory with
the Balfour Declaration. Palestine was annexed by the British in 1918 after the
Ottoman army, led by Mustafa Kemal, was routed in Syria.
Arabs were compelled to sell their land because they were
oppressed and disadvantaged economically. A difficult period On September 22,
1913, Shadhili Sheikh Abu'Shamat Mahmud received a letter from Sultan Abdülhamid
II, a member of the Shadhili Tariqa, in which Sultan Abdülhamid stated:
"I resigned as caliph due to the intimidation and
threats made by the Young Turks. I was compelled to consent to the creation of
a Jewish state in Palestine by this organization. I disagreed with this
assertion. Finally, they made a 150 million British gold piece offer.
Additionally, I rejected this and said, "I would never agree with you even
if you offered not 150,000,000 British pounds of money, but all the gold in the
world. I spent more than 30 years working for the Muslim community. I didn't
let down my ancestors. They accepted my dethronement and despatched me to
Thessaloniki after my final reaction. I pray to ALLAH that I did not consent to
the Ottoman State and the Islamic community establishing a new state on
Palestinian territory.”
By 1947, Jews made up more than half of the population in
Palestine, and they controlled a sizeable portion of the country. Independence
was the subsequent stage. The British were forced to leave the region by a
Jewish group. A vote resulted in the creation of a Jewish state, and the U.N.
formally recognized it in 1948. One of the first to embrace the judgment was
the Ankara administration. The new nation was given the name Israel, whose
prophet David served as emperor. Jacob, a patriarch of the Israelites, went by
the name Israel. The Star of David appears on the Israeli flag between two blue
lines that represent the Jordan and Mediterranean rivers.
There, many Arabs decided to immigrate
and lived in shelters. Jews received their land as a gift. In 1948, 1967, and
1973, the combined Arab forces were routed in battles with Israel. Due to
Russian support for the Arabs, some Arab states were made into Russian
satellite states. At that point, Sultan Abdülhamid's viewpoint was once again
applauded. He continues to be a well-liked figure in Arab nations, where Friday
prayers include his name.
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